有时有些译者逐词死译,导致一些虽然似乎符合英语语法,但是不符合英语表达习惯的误译,影响到跨文化交际。这也是汉译英常见的误译类型之一。例如:
1.欢迎你参观我们商品交易会。
[误译]Welcome you to visit our trade fair!
[正译]Welcome to our trade fair!
[评析]“欢迎某人做某事”英译时,welcome用的句型是welcome+to+名词,例如:欢迎你到中国来!Welcome to China!不能译为Welcome you to come to China。
2.店主让我父亲一天干16小时的活。
[误译]The shop-owner let father work 16 hours a day.
[正译]The shop-owner made father work 16 hours a day.
[评析]误译文全句表达的意思成了“店主同意我父亲每天工作16小时”。Let在此表示同意,而不是迫使。汉语原文的“让”的其中一个英语对应词是let,但是原文虽然用了“让”,其在原句的内涵是“迫使”,因此,应使用make(迫使、促使)。
3.作为一个世界贸易组织,缺乏中国,没有中国的参加,我看它也很难发挥作为一个世界贸易组织的应有作用。
[误译]As a world trade organization, I think, WTO without China will be hard to play its due role.
[正译]As a world trade organization, I think, WTO without the participation of China will find it
hard to play its due role.
[评析]由于受汉语结构的影响,“很难”一词很容易被误译成(the organization)will be hard(to play its due role),这就饭了语法错误,应改译为“(the organization)will find it hard(difficult)(to play its due role)”。
4.错误和挫折教训了我们,使我们比较地聪明起来,我们的事情就办得比较好一些。
[误译]The mistakes we committed and the setbacks we experienced have taught us lessons and made
us wiser,therefore we can handle our affairs better.
[正译]Taught by mistakes and setbacks,we have become wiser and handle our affairs better.
[评析]译文没有抓住原文的精神实质。原文强调的是“我们变得聪明起来了......”。而原译文强调的是“使我们聪明起来了......”把原文主动的意思变为被动了。所以这句不能按照汉语原文顺序翻译。
5.他把肘子靠在桌子上。
[误译]His elbows were leaned on the table.
[正译]He leaned his elbows on the table.
[评析]当动宾关系十分密切时,表示动作的工具、方式或结果的名词不能作为被动式的主语。
6.因为一连几天在下雨,他只得呆在家里。
[误译]Having rained for successive days,he had to stay at home.
[正译]As it had rained for successive days,he had to stay at home.
[评析]原译文分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致,有语法错误。
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