汉英翻译中搭配是个大问题。有的学者指出:用外国语写作或翻译最容易出毛病的地方就是搭配。在许多场合,汉语中词与词之间不发生搭配不当的情况,可是到了英语中却行不通,这是常常出现的问题。而动词在英语里,可以说是最活跃的一个词类。名词和形容词相对固定,而动词往往可以表示各种不同的含义,用法也特别多。因此,汉译英时,动词处理起来弹性特别大,需要考虑的往往是怎样考虑一个能够很好地与主语搭配的动词。
汉英翻译中,英译文中动宾搭配受汉语原文字面影响的因素很多。例如:
1.每晚我都要花一个小时学习政治理论和企业管理知识。
[误译]I would spend one hour every evening on studying political theories and knowledge
concerning business management.
[正译]I would spend one hour every evening on studying political theories and acquiring
knowledge concerning business management.
[评析]to study有学习与研究两层意思。英语可以说to study political theories,但不可以说to study knowledge ,而要说to acquire knowledge。
2.把中国建设成社会主义现代化强国。
[误译]We will build China into a modern strong socilaist country.
[正译]We will turn(or transform) China into a modern strong socilaist country.
[评析]“建设成为”的实质意思是“使变成”,turn(or transform)表示使变成、改变、使改变性质,英语中没有build......into这样的说法。
3.中国的经济吸引着世界各国人民,中国的社会主义现代化建设,也得到世界各国人民的关注和支持。
[误译]China’s economy attracted all the world’s people.Similarly,our socialist
modernization is winning interest and support.
[正译]China’s economy is being watched by people all over the world.Similarly,
our socialist modernization is attracting their attention and gaining their support.
[评析]原译文的动宾to win interest不能搭配在一起,改正译文从全局的角度调整几个动词,使得动宾搭配合适。
4.当时教会对伽利略施加了压力,他不敢讲真话。
[误译]The Church brought pressure to bear on Galileo,so he didn’t dare to say the truth.
[正译]The Church brought pressure to bear on Galileo,so he didn’t dare to tell the truth.
[评析]tell the truth说真话,tell a lie或tell lies说谎话是固定搭配,动词tell不能用say来替换,“讲真话”也可说speak the truth.
句子理解之后,紧接着就是表达问题。汉英翻译不同于英汉翻译的是理解汉语,表达英语,这难免要受汉语习惯的影响,在选词、造句中总会有点中国式英文的味道。这是汉译英过程中的通病,但我们在汉英翻译中应尽量避免受汉语思维习惯的影响,要多注意两种语言的差异,使译文准确、流畅。但是如果流畅和准确发生矛盾时,应选择后者。
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